victor Latin · revision 7757

16 Oct 2026, 14:34 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la vincō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɪk.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvik.tor]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''victor''' ''m'' (genitive victōris, feminine victrīx); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[vincō]] “to conquer”, supine stem ⟨vict-⟩, with the agent suffix [[-tor]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Its feminine is [[victrīx]].^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of a conqueror.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Cicero; he dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant one who prevails over an adversary, a conqueror, as Caesar's tribute imposed by victors on the vanquished and Cicero's ''omnium gentium victor''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Virgil it meant the winner of a contest.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it was used predicatively, ''victor redīre'' to return victorious, and as an adjective, victorious, and in Ovid of weapons and things linked to victory.^(OLD 2012) In Livy it was a cult title of Jupiter and other gods, and in Macrobius of Hercules.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a victor, conqueror, winner.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin also used it of the winner of a lawsuit.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''vittore'', and Anglo-French and Old French gave [[en|victor]] in the mid-14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a conqueror.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it as a title of Jupiter.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-14th century – English ''victor'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A conqueror, [[m|en|victor]]; a winner.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Victorious, ''victor redīre'', to return victorious.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A cult title of Jupiter and other gods.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[vincō]]
+ * [[victōria]]
+ * [[victrīx]]
+ * [[en|victor]]
+ * [[en|victory]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}