inspiro Latin · revision 7745
16 Oct 2026, 14:23 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Lucretius|origins=la spīrō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ĩːˈspiː.roː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [inˈspiː.ro]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''īnspīrō''' (present infinitive īnspīrāre, perfect active īnspīrāvī, supine īnspīrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[in-]] “in, into” and [[spīrō]] “to breathe”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucretius, of breathing deeply.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Lewis and Short call it poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant to breathe deeply, as in Lucretius, and in Ovid to blow on or into, in Gellius to give an aspirated sound and to blow a note, and in Columella and Pliny the Elder to blow into.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Virgil it meant to blow in, and to breathe a feeling into someone, inspire.^(OLD 2012) In Apuleius it meant to inspire supernaturally, and in Seneca to animate one's material.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to breathe into.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''ispirare'' and French ''inspirer'', and Old French ''enspirer'' gave [[en|inspire]] in the mid-14th century, “to fill the mind with grace”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Late Latin ''īnspīrātiō'' gave [[en|inspiration]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of breathing deeply.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of inspiring a feeling.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of supernatural inspiration.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-14th century – English ''inspire'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To breathe deeply.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To blow on or into; to aspirate.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To blow in.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|inspire]] (a feeling); to inspire supernaturally.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To animate.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[inspiramentum]]
+ * [[īnspīrātiō]]
+ * [[inspirator]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[spīrō]]
+ * [[en|inspire]]
+ * [[en|inspiration]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}