cor Latin · revision 773

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cor''' ''n'' (genitive cordis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kord]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ḱērd|t=heart]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The Latin paradigm was built on the PIE oblique stem [[m|ine-pro|*ḱr̥d-]].^(de Vaan 2008) It is cognate with [[hit|ker|t=heart]], [[sa|हृद्|tr=hṛ́d-]], [[grc|κῆρ|tr=kêr]] and [[m|grc|καρδία|tr=kardíā]], [[xcl|սիրտ|tr=sirt]], [[lt|širdìs]], [[got|𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉|tr=hairtō]] and [[sga|cride]].^(de Vaan 2008) [[en|heart]] belongs here through [[ang|heorte]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus (280/260–before 200 BC).^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) The earliest anatomical example in the OLD is Cato's remedy "if the heart aches" (''si cor dolet''),^(OLD 2012) while in Ennius the heart is already the seat of thought: "my heart does not agree with what my eyes see".^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As the organ that drives the blood it could stand for life and for a living person (Virgil's "bravest hearts"); it also named the upper opening of the stomach.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Thought, memory, judgement and will were placed in the heart, so ''cor'' meant the mind and good sense (''cor habere''), and it was the seat of feeling and courage.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) The TLL notes that these figurative uses are old but belong mainly to poetry and everyday speech; prose writers avoided them except in the phrase ''cordī esse'', "to be dear".^(TLL) Plautus already uses ''cor meum'' as an endearment.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Lucretius was the first to use the plural ''corda'' for one heart, and Virgil followed.^(TLL) Under the influence of the Bible the figurative heart became very common in Christian writers.^(TLL) Medieval Latin used it for the core of lifeless things, and ''ex corde'' meant "by heart".^(Niermeyer 1976) It continues in [[fr|cœur]], whose derivative ''courage'' passed into German.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses the word.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius treats the heart as the seat of judgement.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus calls a lover ''cor meum'', "my heart".^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato prescribes for the heart in his book on farming.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius first uses the plural ''corda'' for the singular.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero reports an ox found without a heart at a sacrifice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|heart]] as an organ.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The upper opening of the [[m|en|stomach]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The mind or [[m|en|soul]], as the seat of thought and memory.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Intelligence, good sense, as in ''cor habēre'', to have sense.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The seat of the [[m|en|will]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Feelings, spirit, [[m|en|courage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''cordī esse'': to be dear or pleasing to someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(term of endearment)'' [[m|en|sweetheart]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(poetic)'' A person.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The [[m|en|core]] or inmost part of a thing.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' ''ex corde'': by heart.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bicors]]

+ * [[corcillum]]

+ * [[corculum]]

+ * [[cordātus]]

+ * [[cordipugus]]

+ * [[cordolium]]

+ * [[excors]]

+ * [[praecordia]]

+ * [[socors]]

+ * [[vēcors]]

+ * [[cordiālis]]

+ * [[misericors]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[crēdō]]

+ * [[en|heart]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The genitive plural is ''cordium''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Old Latin also had an unrelated adverb ''cōr'', a form of ''cūr'' "why".^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}