insto Latin · revision 7719

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la stō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈĩː.stoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈin.sto]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnstō''' (present infinitive īnstāre, perfect active īnstitī, supine īnstātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[in-]] “on, after” and [[stō]] “to stand”, developing from “to stand behind” to “to pursue, be imminent” and “to press, urge”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Its perfect forms cannot be told from those of [[īnsistō]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of setting foot on, pressing a person and of situations being upon one.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Transitively it meant to set foot on, and in Virgil to press on with a task, in Nepos to press hard in battle, and in Plautus to urge a person.^(OLD 2012) Intransitively it meant to take a stand, as Pacuvius' figure standing on a stone ball, and in Livy ''vestīgiīs īnstāre'' to follow hard on someone's tracks.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Virgil it meant to press in a hostile way, and in Cicero of events to threaten, of a task to be pressing, and of a date to be at hand.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant to be insistent, press hard, and in Virgil to apply oneself to a task.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to insist, persist, threaten, press upon, approach.^(Stelten 1995) Its present participle gave French ''instant'' and [[en|instant]], recorded in the late 14th century as a moment of time.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of urging.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of standing on something.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of events threatening.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''instant'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To set foot on; to press on with.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To press hard; to urge.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To take a stand; to follow close.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To press in a hostile way.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To threaten; to be pressing; to be at hand.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|insist]], press hard.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To apply oneself.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[īnstantia]]

+ * [[īnstita]]

+ * [[īnstitor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stō]]

+ * [[īnsistō]]

+ * [[en|instant]]

+ * [[en|instance]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}