retineo Latin · revision 7716

16 Oct 2026, 14:21 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la teneō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [rɛˈtɪ.ne.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [reˈtiː.ne.o]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''retineō''' (present infinitive retinēre, perfect active retinuī, supine retentum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[re-]] “back” and [[teneō]] “to hold”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, as his ''quotiēns forās īre volō, mē retinēs'' “whenever I want to go out, you hold me back”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to hold fast, detain, confine, and to impound things, as in Plautus, and in Terence of circumstances to keep someone in a place.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Cicero it meant to check, hold back, and in Plautus to restrain from a course.^(OLD 2012) It meant to keep hold of, and in Lucretius and Celsus to retain fluid or food, and in Ovid to hold back tears.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant to keep possession, in Cicero to keep power, loyalty, a position and a view, to keep using or having, to observe a custom, and ''memoriā retinēre'' to remember.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to restrain, hold back, retain.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''ritenere'' and French ''retenir'', and Old French ''retenir'' gave [[en|retain]] in the late 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Wiktionary also lists [[en|rein]] among its descendants.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of holding back.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of detaining.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of retaining power and memory.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''retain'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To hold fast, [[m|en|detain]]; to impound.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To keep in a place; to hold (attention); to delay.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To hold back, check; to restrain.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To keep hold of.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To retain (fluid, food); to hold back (tears).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To keep within.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To keep possession of, [[m|en|retain]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To hold (a position); to maintain (a view).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To keep up, observe (a custom).^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''memoriā retinēre'', to remember.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[retentiō]]
+ * [[retentō]]
+ * [[retentor]]
+ * [[retentorius]]
+ * [[retentus]]
+ * [[retināculum]]
+ * [[retināx]]
+ * [[retinentia]]
+ * [[retina]]
+ * [[retinēns]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[abstineō]]
+ * [[attineō]]
+ * [[circumteneō]]
+ * [[contineō]]
+ * [[dētineō]]
+ * [[distineō]]
+ * [[obtineō]]
+ * [[pertineō]]
+ * [[sustineō]]
+ * [[teneō]]
+ * [[en|retain]]
+ * [[en|retention]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}