crater Latin · revision 7683

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Ennius|origins=grc κεράννυμι}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkraː.teːr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkraː.ter]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crātēr''' ''m'' (genitive crātēris or crātēros); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|κρατήρ|tr=krātḗr|t=mixing bowl]], from [[m|grc|κεράννυμι|tr=keránnumi|t=to mix]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) A feminine ⟨crātēra⟩ and an older ⟨crēterra⟩ are also found, and the Greek accusative ⟨crātēra⟩ is frequent in verse.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of a mixing bowl.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a mixing bowl for wine and water, as in Ennius and Virgil, a bowl for oil in Virgil, and in Pliny the Elder the basin of a fountain.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Vitruvius it was a southern constellation, the Cup.^(OLD 2012) From Ovid it meant a bowl-shaped depression, especially the crater of a volcano.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses ''Crātēr'' of the bay of Naples.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a bowl.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for a drinking cup and a holy water stoup.^(DMLBS) Döderlein contrasts the old Latin ''pōculum'' and ''calix'' with Greek names of vessels such as this.^(Döderlein 1874) [[en|crater]] came in the 1610s, of the mouth of a volcano.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a mixing bowl.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of a constellation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of a volcano's crater.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1610s – English ''crater'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A mixing bowl; the basin of a fountain.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The constellation Crater, the Cup.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A bowl-shaped hollow; the [[m|en|crater]] of a volcano.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A holy water [[m|en|stoup]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|crater]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}