stomachus Latin · revision 7680
16 Oct 2026, 14:18 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Plautus|origins=grc στόμα}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈstɔ.ma.kʰʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈstɔː.ma.kus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''stomachus''' ''m'' (genitive stomachī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|στόμαχος|tr=stómakhos|t=gullet]], from [[m|grc|στόμα|tr=stóma|t=mouth]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of annoyance, ''stomachum facere''.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In Cicero it meant the gullet, oesophagus, which takes in food from the root of the tongue, and in Lucretius the stomach, and in Horace the seat of appetite.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Cicero it also meant one's taste, liking, disposition, and patience.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant annoyance, ill temper, ''stomachum movēre'' to vex.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant the stomach.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for the gullet and the upper opening of the stomach.^(DMLBS) Old French ''estomac'' gave [[en|stomach]] in the early 14th century, and Latin ''stomachārī'' “to be resentful” lies behind the verb's old sense “to resent”.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of annoyance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the stomach.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the gullet and of taste.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 14th century – English ''stomach'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # The gullet, [[m|en|oesophagus]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # The [[m|en|stomach]]; the appetite.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Taste, liking; patience.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Annoyance, ill temper.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[stomachicus]]
+ * [[stomachor]]
+ * [[stomachōsus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[en|stomach]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}