resume English · revision 7678

+ The verb resume and the noun résumé, a summary, both go back to Latin resūmere, to take up again, but the noun was borrowed separately from French in the 19th century.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998)

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+ {{homograph|1|begin again}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1404|origins=la resumo}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /rɪˈzjuːm/, US /rɪˈzuːm/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English resumen, [[bor|frm|resumer]] and directly Latin [[m|la|resumo|alt=resūmere|t=to take again, take up again]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from re-, again, and sūmere, to take (see [[assume]]),^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from sus-, up from under, and emere, to take, from PIE [[ine-pro|*h₁em-|alt=*em-|t=to take, distribute]].^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To take back, repossess goods or money: 1404 in Barnhart, about 1400 in Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To take to oneself anew, as courage or hope, is from 1412–20,^(OED 1989) and to renew from before 1420.^(Barnhart 1988) To begin again or continue after an interruption is from about 1440–50,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) and to go on with a discourse from 1600.^(OED 1989) To re-occupy a seat or place is from 1633,^(OED 1989) and the intransitive sense, to proceed after an interruption, from 1802.^(Etymonline) In obsolete Scots it meant to repeat, to give a summary of.^(Wright 1898) Collins marks the sense to summarize archaic.^(Collins 2023)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1404 – to take back.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1412–20 – to regain courage or hope.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1450 – to begin again.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1633 – to re-occupy a seat.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1802 – to proceed after interruption.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To begin again or go on with something after an [[interruption]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To take or occupy again: ''to resume one's seat''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To take on again, as a title or office.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[resumable]]

+ * [[resumption]]

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+ {{homograph|2|summary}}

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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1782|origins=fr résumé}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈrez.juː.meɪ/, US /ˈrez.ʊ.meɪ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|résumé]], the noun use of the past participle of résumer, to sum up,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) from Middle French resumer, originally to take back, from Latin resūmere.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Barnhart suggests that the French meaning was influenced by Old French sommer, to find the sum of (see [[sum]]).^(Barnhart 1988)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A summary, recapitulation: 1782 in MWU,^(MWU 2024) 1804 in Barnhart and Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A biographical summary of a person's career is from the 1940s in Etymonline and before 1960 in Barnhart.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) In American and Canadian English it is the usual word for a [[curriculum vitae]].^(Collins 2023)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1782 – a summary.^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1940s – a summary of one's career.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A short account of one's [[qualification|alt=qualifications]] and work experience, as given with a job application, called in British English a curriculum vitae.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A brief [[summary]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[assume]]

+ * [[consume]]

+ * [[presume]]

+ * [[redeem]]

+ * [[sum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}