pastinaca Latin · revision 7664

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Celsus|origins=la pastinum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [pas.tɪˈnaː.ka]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [pas.tiˈnaː.ka]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pastināca''' ''f'' (genitive pastinācae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[pastinum]] “two-pronged dibble” or [[pastinō]] “to dig”, with the suffix [[-āca]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) The TLL leaves the connection open.^(TLL) Isidore derived it from the root being a chief food, ⟨pastus⟩, of men.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Celsus, of the carrot and the stingray.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Celsus 14–37 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a carrot, and apparently also the parsnip, as in Pliny the Elder, and in Columella ''pastināca agrestis'' and similar names of wild plants, probably the wild carrot.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Celsus and Pliny the Elder it also meant the stingray, ''pastināca marīna''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for a root vegetable, the parsnip or carrot.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''pastinaca'' and Catalan ''pastanaga'', and Old French ''pasnaie'' gave Middle English ''passenep'', whence [[en|parsnip]] about 1500.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of the carrot and of the stingray.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of wild carrots.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1500 – English ''parsnip'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|carrot]]; a [[m|en|parsnip]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # The [[m|en|stingray]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pastinum]]

+ * [[en|parsnip]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}