smaragdus Latin · revision 7663

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Varro|origins=grc σμάραγδος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [smaˈraɡ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [zmaˈraɡ.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''smaragdus''' ''m'' or f (genitive smaragdī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|σμάραγδος|tr=smáragdos|t=green gem]], itself from a Semitic source.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Köbler compares [[he|בָּרֶקֶת|tr=bāreqeṯ|t=emerald]] and [[akk|barraqtu]].^(Köbler 2010) It is also written ⟨zmaragdus⟩, as in Lucretius, and is masculine or feminine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Gaffiot's earliest citations are from Varro and Lucretius.^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC and Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a name for various green gems, including the emerald, as in Lucretius, Ovid, Seneca and Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Isidore compares the beryl to it in greenness.^(Isidore)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for an emerald.^(DMLBS) Through Medieval Latin ''esmaraldus'' and Old French ''esmeraude'' it gave [[en|emerald]] about 1300, and [[en|smaragd]] is a direct borrowing.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses ''zmaragdus''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder describes the gems.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''emerald'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A green gem; an [[m|en|emerald]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|emerald]]

+ * [[en|smaragd]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}