clima Latin · revision 7647

16 Oct 2026, 14:18 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Columella|origins=grc κλίνω}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈklɪ.ma]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkliː.ma]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''clima''' ''n'' (genitive climatis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|κλίμα|tr=klíma|t=slope; region, zone]], from [[m|grc|κλίνω|tr=klínō|t=to slope, incline]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Köbler traces it to [[ine-pro|*ḱley-|t=to lean]].^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Columella, of a measure of land.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Vitruvius; he dates Columella in the 1st century AD.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In Columella it meant a measure of land, a square plot of sixty feet a side.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Pliny the Elder it meant the slope of the earth's surface due to latitude, a zone, and in later writers such as Tertullian and Martianus Capella a region, a clime.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ Medieval Latin used it for a quarter of the heavens, geographical latitude, a zone of the earth, and climate.^(Niermeyer 1976) It was borrowed into Italian and Spanish as ''clima'', and through Old French ''climat'' it gave [[en|climate]] in the late 14th century, “a zone of latitude”; [[en|clime]] came in the 1540s.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of a measure of land.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of latitude.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''climate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A square measure of land.^(OLD 2012)
+ # The slope of the earth due to latitude; a zone, [[m|en|clime]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|Latitude]]; [[m|en|climate]].^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[climacis]]
+ * [[en|climate]]
+ * [[en|clime]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}