grammatica Latin · revision 7644

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=calque|attested=Cicero|origins=grc γράμμα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɡramˈma.tɪ.ka], [ɡramˈma.tɪ.kaː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ɡramˈmaː.ti.ka], [ɡramˈmaː.ti.ka]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''grammatica''' ''f'' (genitive grammaticae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is short for ⟨ars grammatica⟩, a partial calque of [[grc|γραμματική|tr=grammatikḗ]] ⟨τέχνη⟩ “art of letters”, from [[m|grc|γραμματικός|tr=grammatikós|t=of letters]], from [[m|grc|γράμμα|tr=grámma|t=letter]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) A Greek form ⟨grammaticē⟩ is also found, as in Quintilian.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Isidore calls it the science of speaking correctly, the origin and foundation of the liberal arts.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cicero, whom he dates 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' already has ''ars grammatica''.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the study of language and literature, grammar in the ancient sense, including the explanation of texts and literary criticism as well as grammar proper, as in Cicero and Quintilian.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant grammar.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for the study of Latin language and grammar, a correct form, and a grammar book.^(DMLBS) Old French ''gramaire'', an irregular semi-popular adoption of it, gave [[en|grammar]] in the late 14th century, “Latin grammar”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses ''ars grammatica''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of grammar.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses ''grammaticē''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''grammar'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The study of language and literature, [[m|en|grammar]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A grammar book.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[grammaticus]]

+ * [[en|grammar]]

+ * [[en|grammatical]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}