philosophia Latin · revision 7643
16 Oct 2026, 14:18 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Ennius|origins=grc φίλος, grc σοφία}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [pʰɪ.ɫɔˈsɔ.pʰi.a]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [fi.loˈs̬ɔː.fi.a]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''philosophia''' ''f'' (genitive philosophiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|φιλοσοφία|tr=philosophía|t=love of wisdom]], from [[m|grc|φίλος|tr=phílos|t=loving]] and [[m|grc|σοφία|tr=sophía|t=wisdom]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline) Inscriptions have ⟨filosofia⟩.^(TLL) Cicero translates it as ⟨studium sapientiae⟩ “the pursuit of wisdom”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Ennius, whom he dates 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant philosophy, philosophical thought, as in Cicero, and in the plural particular systems or schools.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It also meant a view of life, an attitude.^(OLD 2012) Isidore defines it as the knowledge of human and divine things joined with the pursuit of living well.^(Isidore)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant philosophy.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for the monastic life.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''filosofia'' and French ''philosophie'', and [[en|philosophy]] came about 1300, “knowledge, learning”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of philosophy and of schools.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore defines it.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''philosophy'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|Philosophy]]; a school of philosophy.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A view of life, an attitude.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The monastic life.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[philosophus]]
+ * [[en|philosophy]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}