parabola Latin · revision 7641
16 Oct 2026, 14:18 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Seneca|origins=grc παραβολή}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [paˈra.bɔ.ɫa]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [paˈraː.bo.la]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''parabola''' ''f'' (genitive parabolae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|παραβολή|tr=parabolḗ|t=comparison; parable]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The Greek form ⟨parabolē⟩ is usual in classical writers.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Augustine says that, though Greek, it was already used as a Latin word.^(TLL)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Gaffiot's earliest citation is from Seneca, of a comparison.^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Seneca 4 BC–65 AD.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In rhetoric it meant an explanatory comparison, a simile, as in Seneca and Quintilian, who explains that the likeness either precedes or follows the thing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Tertullian it meant a parable, and in the Vulgate a proverb.^(Gaffiot 2016) Isidore defines it as a comparison of unlike things, as Lucan comparing Caesar to a lion.^(Isidore)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a parable, similitude, comparison.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for a metaphor, a proverb, and a word, speech.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''parola'', French ''parole'', Spanish ''palabra'' and Portuguese ''palavra'', and Old French ''parable'' gave [[en|parable]] in the late 13th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Portuguese ''palavra'' gave [[en|palaver]], and French ''parole'' [[en|parole]].^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of a comparison.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian discusses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian uses it of a parable.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 13th century – English ''parable'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A comparison, [[m|en|simile]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|parable]]; a proverb.^(Stelten 1995)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A word, speech.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[parabolicē]]
+ * [[parabolō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[en|parable]]
+ * [[en|parole]]
+ * [[en|palaver]]
+ * [[en|parabola]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}