organum Latin · revision 7640

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Vitruvius|origins=ine-pro *werǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɔr.ɡa.nũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔr.ɡa.num]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''organum''' ''n'' (genitive organī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|ὄργανον|tr=órganon|t=tool, instrument]], which Köbler traces to [[ine-pro|*werǵ-|t=to work]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline) Cicero writes it in Greek.^(TLL) Isidore calls it the general name of all musical instruments, the Greeks giving another name to the one with bellows.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Vitruvius, of a mechanical device and a musical instrument.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Vitruvius c. 84–c. 25 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a mechanical device, an instrument, as in Vitruvius and Columella, and in Quintilian figuratively a means.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant a musical instrument, in Pliny the Elder ''organum hydraulicum'' the water organ, and in Vitruvius an organ pipe.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a musical instrument, an organ, and an organ of the body.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for the wind organ, the voice and power of speech, a mouthpiece, and singing.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''organo'', and late Old English ''organe'' with Old French ''orgene'' gave [[en|organ]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Medieval Latin ''organizātiō'' gave [[en|organization]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of a device and a musical instrument.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of an implement.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses ''organum hydraulicum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late Old English – ''organe'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A mechanical device, instrument.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A musical instrument; a water [[m|en|organ]]; an organ pipe.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' An organ of the body.^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The voice; singing.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[organālis]]

+ * [[organārius]]

+ * [[organicus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|organ]]

+ * [[en|organization]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}