phantasma Latin · revision 7636

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Pliny the Younger|origins=grc φαντάζω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [pʰanˈtas.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [fanˈtaz.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''phantasma''' ''n'' (genitive phantasmatis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|φάντασμα|tr=phántasma|t=image, apparition]], from [[m|grc|φαντάζω|tr=phantázō|t=to make visible]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short call it post-Augustan, and their earliest example is Pliny the Younger's letter asking whether ghosts exist and have a shape.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler's first source is Pliny the Elder, whom he dates 23/24–79 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a ghost, apparition, spectre, as in Pliny the Younger.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Augustine it meant an idea, a picture formed by the imagination.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a phantom, apparition, vision, appearance.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for a mental image, idea, and a delusion.^(Niermeyer 1976) A Vulgar Latin ''*fantauma'' from it gave Old French ''fantosme'', French ''fantôme'' and [[en|phantom]] about 1300, and [[en|phantasm]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it of an idea.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''phantom'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A ghost, [[m|en|apparition]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' A mental image.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A delusion.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[phantasmaticus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[phantasia]]

+ * [[en|phantom]]

+ * [[en|phantasm]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}