kalendae Latin · revision 7617

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *kelh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kaˈɫɛn.dae̯]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kaˈlɛn.de]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''kalendae''' ''f pl'' (genitive kalendārum); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is apparently a gerundive of an old ⟨*calō⟩ “to call”, from [[itc-pro|*kalāndo-]], from [[ine-pro|*kelh₁-|t=to call, summon]], the day on which the date of the Nones was proclaimed, as Varro explains.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Lewis and Short compare [[grc|καλέω|tr=kaléō|t=to call]] and [[calō]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also spelled ⟨calendae⟩ and abbreviated ⟨Kal.⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Gaffiot's earliest citation is from Cicero, of the Calends.^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the first day of the month, the Calends, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was the day interest fell due, Horace's ''trīstēs kalendae'', and Augustus' ''ad kalendās Graecās'' “at the Greek Calends” meant never, as Suetonius reports.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The Calends were sacred to Juno, and ''Mārtiae kalendae'' were the Matronalia, when presents were given, as in Ovid.^(OLD 2012) In Ovid it also stood for the month itself.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant the Calends.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for monthly meetings of clergy.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''calende'' and French ''calendes'', and [[en|calends]] came about 1200; its derivative ''kalendārium'' “account book” gave [[en|calendar]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the first day of the month.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of the day interest fell due.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius reports ''ad kalendās Graecās''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''calends'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|Calends]], the first day of the month.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The day interest fell due, ''kalendae Graecae'', never.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''Mārtiae kalendae'', the Matronalia.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The month.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A monthly meeting of clergy.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[kalendārium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nōnae]]

+ * [[īdūs]]

+ * [[en|calends]]

+ * [[en|calendar]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}