liquidus Latin · revision 7605

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la liqueō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈlɪ.kʷɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈliː.kʷi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''liquidus''' (feminine liquida, neuter liquidum, comparative liquidior, superlative liquidissimus, adverb liquidē or liquidō); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[liqueō]] “to be liquid” with the suffix [[-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The first syllable is usually short, but long in Lucretius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Naevius, whom he dates c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of what is certain and of a serene mind, and Cato, of liquids.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant liquid, fluid, and as a neuter noun a liquid, water, as in Cato and Horace, and in Virgil of metals molten.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was a stock epithet of the sea, the air and fire, as in Catullus and Lucretius, and in grammar a liquid consonant.^(OLD 2012) It meant thin, runny, as in Lucretius, and clear, limpid, of water in Cato and of the sky in Ennius.^(OLD 2012) From Lucretius it meant clear-toned, melodious, in Catullus of the mind clear, and in Cicero pure.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant evident, certain, ''ad liquidum'' “to a certainty”, and of the mind serene.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant liquid, flowing, and as a noun clearness, certainty.^(Stelten 1995) It was borrowed into Italian as ''liquido'' and French ''liquide'', and Old French gave [[en|liquid]] in the late 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the certain and the serene.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of liquids.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''liquid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Liquid]], fluid; molten; as a noun, water.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of the sea, air or fire, flowing, clear.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(grammar)'' Of consonants, liquid.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Runny, thin.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Clear, [[m|en|limpid]], bright.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Clear-toned, melodious.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Clear (of mind); pure.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Evident, certain, ''ad liquidum'', to a certainty.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Serene]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[liquiditās]]

+ * [[liquidiusculus]]

+ * [[liquidum]]

+ * [[perliquidus]]

+ * [[pseudoliquidus]]

+ * [[liquidē]]

+ * [[liquidō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[liquefaciō]]

+ * [[liquefactiō]]

+ * [[liquēns]]

+ * [[liqueō]]

+ * [[liquēscō]]

+ * [[liquor]]

+ * [[en|liquid]]

+ * [[en|liquor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}