hybrid English · revision 7603

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=1601|origins=la hibrida}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈhaɪ.bɹɪd/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|hybrida]], a variant of ibrida, a mongrel,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) specifically the offspring of a tame sow and a wild boar,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) and also a child of a Roman father and a foreign mother, or of a freeman and a slave.^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998) The Latin word is of uncertain origin, probably from Greek,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) perhaps related to [[hubris]];^(Etymonline) MWU calls it probably of non-Indo-European origin.^(MWU 2024) It was sometimes also borrowed from French [[m|fr|hybride]].^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The offspring of two animals of different kinds: 1601, in Holland's translation of Pliny.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 17th century it was used only as in the original Latin.^(OED 1989) Of human beings it is from 1630,^(OED 1989) and of plants from 1788.^(OED 1989) It was a rare word before the general sense, anything derived from different sources, emerged about 1850.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)^(Hoad 1986) The adjective is attested from 1716,^(Etymonline) and Cockeram's dictionary (1623) had hybridan, whose parents are of different nations.^(Etymonline) A word formed from elements of different languages is a linguistic sense.^(Collins 2023) A car powered by both an engine and electricity is from 2002.^(Etymonline)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1601 – a crossbred animal.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1630 – of humans.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1716 – the adjective.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1788 – of plants.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1850 – anything of mixed origin.^(OED 1989)

+ * 2002 – a hybrid vehicle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The offspring of two [[plant|alt=plants]] or animals of different species or varieties.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Something of mixed origin or composition.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A vehicle powered by an [[internal-combustion engine]] and another source, such as a battery.^(Collins 2023)

+ # A word formed from parts of different languages.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hybridism]]

+ * [[hybridist]]

+ * [[hybridity]]

+ * [[dihybrid]]

+ * [[hybridize]]

+ * [[hybridoma]]

+ * [[monohybrid]]

+ * [[trihybrid]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hubris]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}