metallum Latin · revision 7598
16 Oct 2026, 14:10 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Lucretius|origins=grc μέταλλον}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [mɛˈtal.lũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [meˈtal.lum]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''metallum''' ''n'' (genitive metallī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|μέταλλον|tr=métallon|t=mine, metal]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Köbler calls the further origin uncertain, perhaps Arabic.^(Köbler 2010) Pliny the Elder and Isidore explain it from Greek ⟨μετ' ἄλλα⟩ “after other things”, since where one vein appears another is sought.^(TLL)^(Isidore)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucretius, of a mine.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a place where metals are found, a mine or quarry, as Livy's ''īnstituere metalla'' “to open mines”, and in Tacitus a mine as a place of punishment, Pliny the Younger's ''damnāre in metallum'' “to condemn to the mines”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Virgil it meant a metal or mineral.^(OLD 2012) Isidore lists seven kinds of metals.^(Isidore)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a metal or mine.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''metallo'' and French and Spanish ''metal'', and Old French ''metal'' gave [[en|metal]] in the mid-13th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a mine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a metal.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of the mines as punishment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-13th century – English ''metal'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|mine]], quarry; the mines as a punishment.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|metal]], mineral.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[metallārius]]
+ * [[metallicus]]
+ * [[metallifer]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[en|metal]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}