mola Latin · revision 7580

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *melh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmɔ.ɫa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmɔː.la]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mola''' ''f'' (genitive molae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*molā]], from [[ine-pro|*molh₂éh₂]], from [[ine-pro|*melh₂-|t=to grind]], related to [[molō]] “to grind”.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) The OLD and Lewis and Short compare [[grc|μύλη|tr=múlē|t=mill]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Isidore derived it from its roundness.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source for the mill is Naevius, whom he dates c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD cites Cato for mills, and Plautus has ''molae'' among a slave's punishments.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a millstone, as in Ovid and Juvenal's ''molam versāre'' “to turn the millstone”, and in the plural a mill, driven by slaves, animals or water, as in Plautus and Cato.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Varro ''mola salsa'' meant the sacrificial meal of spelt and salt sprinkled on victims, which Festus explains.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Pliny the Elder it meant a false conception, a mole in the womb.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a millstone or mill.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin the singular was used for a mill.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''mola'', French ''meule'' and Spanish ''muela''.^(Wiktionary) Late Latin ''molīna'', from it, was borrowed into Old English ''mylen'', whence [[en|mill]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of mills.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses ''mola salsa''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a mole in the womb.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|millstone]]; in the plural, a mill.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''mola salsa'', the sacrificial meal of spelt and salt.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A false conception, [[m|en|mole]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[molāris]]

+ * [[molārius]]

+ * [[molīle]]

+ * [[molō]]

+ * [[molūcrum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[immolō]]

+ * [[molīnus]]

+ * [[molitiō]]

+ * [[molitor]]

+ * [[en|mill]]

+ * [[en|molar]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}