carpo Latin · revision 7573

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Cato|origins=ine-pro *kerp-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkar.poː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkar.po]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''carpō''' (present infinitive carpere, perfect active carpsī, supine carptum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*karpō]], from [[ine-pro|*kerp-|t=to pluck, cut]].^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[cu|чрѣти|tr=črěti|t=to draw, scoop]].^(Wiktionary) The OLD compares [[grc|καρπός|tr=karpós|t=fruit]], [[sa|कृपाण|tr=kṛpāṇa|t=sword]] and [[en|harvest]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cato, of plucking fruit.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to pluck, gather fruit or flowers, as in Cato and Virgil's grapes picked from the vine, and in Cicero of cattle to graze.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Figuratively, as in Horace's ''carpe diem'', it meant to seize what is fleeting, to snatch sleep or kisses, and in Virgil ''carpere aurās'' to live.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Catullus it meant to card wool, in Terence to pick out, and in Ovid to tear to pieces, to erode, and of cares to consume.^(OLD 2012) From Virgil it meant to press on along a road, ''iter carpere''.^(OLD 2012) In Caesar it meant to harry with sniping attacks, and in Cicero to carp at, criticize.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to seize, pluck.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''carpire'' and Spanish ''carpir''.^(Wiktionary) Medieval Latin or Old Italian ''carpita'' “woollen cloth”, probably from it, gave [[en|carpet]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of plucking fruit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of harrying.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of criticizing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace writes ''carpe diem''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|pluck]], gather; to graze.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To seize, snatch, ''carpe diem'', seize the day.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To card (wool).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pick out.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pull off; to tear to pieces; to [[m|en|erode]]; to consume.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To press on along (a road).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To harry; to [[m|en|carp]] at, criticize.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[carptim]]

+ * [[carptor]]

+ * [[carptūra]]

+ * [[concerpō]]

+ * [[dēcerpō]]

+ * [[discerpō]]

+ * [[excerpō]]

+ * [[praecerpō]]

+ * [[māscarpiō]]

+ * [[omnicarpus]]

+ * [[carptus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēcermina]]

+ * [[dēcerptor]]

+ * [[discerptiō]]

+ * [[excerptiō]]

+ * [[excerptum]]

+ * [[excerptus]]

+ * [[praecerptus]]

+ * [[scirpus]]

+ * [[en|carpet]]

+ * [[en|excerpt]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}