internus Latin · revision 7562

16 Oct 2026, 14:06 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Sallust|origins=ine-pro *h₁énteros}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪnˈtɛr.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [inˈtɛr.nus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''internus''' (feminine interna, neuter internum, adverb internē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[inter]] “between” with the suffix [[-nus]], from a pre-Latin ⟨*interos⟩ “inside”, from [[ine-pro|*h₁énteros|t=inner]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010) Priscian derives it from [[intrā]].^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Sallust, whom he dates 86–34 BC, and Sallust uses it of internal affairs.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Lewis and Short call it post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant situated inside, internal, as Seneca's inner fire, and in Ovid within the house, private.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Pliny the Elder it meant of seas landlocked, ''mare internum'' the Mediterranean.^(OLD 2012) From Sallust it meant domestic, civil, internal, as Tacitus' civil discords, and ''interna'' internal affairs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant internal, inward, inner.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin ''internālis'' from it gave [[en|internal]] in the early 15th century, and French ''interne'' gave [[en|intern]].^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of internal affairs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the home.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses ''mare internum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''internal'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Inside, [[m|en|internal]]; private.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of seas, landlocked, ''mare internum'', the Mediterranean.^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Domestic]], civil, ''interna'', internal affairs.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[interna]]
+ * [[internālis]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[inter]]
+ * [[internās]]
+ * [[interior]]
+ * [[en|internal]]
+ * [[en|intern]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}