febris Latin · revision 7561
16 Oct 2026, 14:06 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *dʰegʷʰ-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɛ.brɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfɛː.bris]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''febris''' ''f'' (genitive febris); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*feɣʷris]], from [[ine-pro|*dʰegʷʰ-ri-s]], from [[ine-pro|*dʰegʷʰ-|t=to burn, warm]], according to Wiktionary and Köbler.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) It is related to [[foveō]] “to warm” and [[februum]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The OLD calls its origin doubtful.^(OLD 2012) The accusative is ⟨febrim⟩ or ⟨febrem⟩, the ablative ⟨febrī⟩ or ⟨febre⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Isidore derived it from ⟨fervor⟩ “heat”.^(Isidore)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Plautus, whom he dates c. 250–184 BC, and Plautus has the accusative ''febrim''.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cato also uses it.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a fever, as Cicero's ''febrim habēre'' “to have a fever” and ''cum febrī redīre'' “to come home with a fever”, and with adjectives of particular fevers, as in Terence.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Cicero ''Febris'' was worshipped as a goddess.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a fever.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin described fever as marked by heat and cold, and distinguished its kinds.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''febbre'', Spanish ''fiebre'' and Portuguese ''febre'', and was borrowed into Old English as ''fefor'', whence [[en|fever]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a fever.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it with an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a fever and of the goddess.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late Old English – ''fefor'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|fever]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''Febris'', the goddess of fever.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[febrīcitō]]
+ * [[febricosus]]
+ * [[febrīcula]]
+ * [[febrifugia]]
+ * [[febriō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[foveō]]
+ * [[februum]]
+ * [[en|fever]]
+ * [[en|febrile]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}