fiscus Latin · revision 7560

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=Lucilius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɪs.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfis.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fiscus''' ''m'' (genitive fiscī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is unknown.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) De Vaan rejects connections with [[findō]] “to split” and [[fidēlia]] “earthen pot”, according to Wiktionary.^(Wiktionary) Köbler compares [[ine-pro|*bʰidʰ-|t=vessel]], and Döderlein [[grc|πίθος|tr=píthos|t=jar]].^(Köbler 2010)^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Lucilius, whom he dates c. 180–102 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citation is from Cicero, of a money bag.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a basket of twigs or rushes, used in Columella for pressing olives, and far more often a basket for money, a money bag, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Under the Empire it meant the emperor's treasury, as distinct from the public ''aerārium'', as in Seneca, with special departments, as in Suetonius.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein cites Tacitus on Sejanus' goods taken from the treasury to be gathered into the ''fiscus''.^(Döderlein 1874) Isidore calls it the public purse into which tax collectors put what is paid to kings.^(Isidore)

+

+ Medieval Latin used it for the king's property, a royal estate or group of estates and its centre.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin used it for the royal treasury and royal revenues.^(DMLBS) Late Latin ''fiscālis'' gave [[en|fiscal]] in the 1560s through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a money bag.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of the imperial treasury.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1560s – English ''fiscal'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|basket]] for pressing olives.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A money bag.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The imperial [[m|en|treasury]]; a revenue department.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Royal property; a royal estate.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fiscālis]]

+ * [[fiscellus]]

+ * [[fiscina]]

+ * [[suffiscus]]

+ * [[cōnfiscō]]

+ * [[fiscārius]]

+ * [[fiscella]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|fiscal]]

+ * [[en|confiscate]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[aerārium]], the public treasury.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}