grus Latin · revision 755

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɡruːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɡrus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''grūs''' ''f'' or m (genitive gruis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*grū-]], from a Proto-Indo-European u-stem [[ine-pro|*ǵr̥h₂-u-|t=crane]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains the Latin form by metathesis of *ǵruh₂- in a nominative *ǵrh₂-u-s.^(de Vaan 2008) The root is imitative of the bird's cry, as in [[ine-pro|*ger-|t=to cry hoarsely]].^(OLD 2012)^(Pokorny 1959)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|γέρανος|tr=géranos]], [[cy|garan]], [[lt|gérvė]], [[orv|жеравль|tr=žeravlĭ]] and [[ang|cran]], all meaning “crane”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Lucilius, in the late 2nd century BC,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who says someone is “taller than a crane”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It named the [[m|en|crane]], whose V-shaped flight and migration across the sea Cicero describes,^(OLD 2012) and which Horace and Aulus Gellius mention as a delicacy.^(Lewis & Short 1879) From the shape of the bird's bill, Vitruvius uses it for a siege engine also called ''[[corvus]]''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ The word is usually feminine, but Laberius and Horace use it as a masculine,^(OLD 2012) and a nominative ''gruis'' appears in Phaedrus.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it for the crane.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius mentions the cry of cranes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero describes the triangular formation of migrating cranes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century BC – Vitruvius names a siege engine ''grus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|crane]] (the bird).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A kind of [[m|en|siege engine]], also called ''[[corvus]]''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gruō]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|crane]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}