autumnus Latin · revision 7525
16 Oct 2026, 14:06 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=Ennius}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [au̯ˈtʊm.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [au̯ˈtum.nus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''autumnus''' ''m'' (genitive autumnī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ Its origin is unknown, the OLD calling it doubtful and the TLL uncertain.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) Wiktionary reports a derivation from [[ine-pro|*h₃ewǵ-|t=cold]] and a borrowing from Etruscan, comparing [[ett|𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌍𐌄|tr=atune|t=autumn]], and Etymonline suggests Etruscan too, comparing [[Vertumnus]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The older spelling ⟨auctumnus⟩ was perhaps influenced by [[auctus]] “increase”.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) A neuter ⟨autumnum⟩ is also found.^(OLD 2012) Isidore derived it from the season when leaves fall and all things ripen.^(Isidore)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, of autumn, and the TLL dates it from Ennius onwards.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant autumn, the third season of the year, as in Cicero and Caesar, and Tacitus' ''autumnō adultō'' “in late autumn”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Juvenal it stood for a year in counting, and in Ovid for autumn fruits, the harvest.^(OLD 2012) An adjective ''autumnus'' “autumnal” is found in Cato's ''imber autumnus'' “autumn rain”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant autumn.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin also used it for the harvest and harvest work.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''autunno'', French ''automne'' and Spanish ''otoño'', and Old French gave [[en|autumn]] in the late 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of autumn.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses the adjective.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the harvest.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''autumn'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|Autumn]]; poetically, a year.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Autumn fruits, [[m|en|harvest]].^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[autumnō]]
+ * [[autumnitās]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[autumnālis]]
+ * [[en|autumn]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}