norma Latin · revision 7520

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=Lucretius|origins=grc γνώμων}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈnɔr.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈnɔr.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''norma''' ''f'' (genitive normae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is perhaps [[bor|grc|γνώμων|tr=gnṓmōn|t=carpenter's square]], borrowed through Etruscan, from [[ine-pro|*ǵneh₃-|t=to know]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Lewis and Short derived it from ⟨*gnōrima⟩, comparing [[grc|γνώριμος|tr=gnṓrimos]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucretius, of a carpenter's square.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Cicero; he dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a square used by carpenters, builders and surveyors for right angles, and in Vitruvius a right angle, ''ad normam'' “at right angles”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Cicero it meant a standard, pattern, rule of conduct, as ''ad normam alicuius sapiēns'' “wise by someone's standard”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a norm, rule, standard, way of life, and in canon law an ordinance.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for a monastic rule and community.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian and Spanish ''norma'' and French ''norme'', and [[en|norm]] came in 1821 through French.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Its derivatives ''ēnōrmis'' and ''nōrmālis'' gave [[en|enormous]] and [[en|normal]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a carpenter's square.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a standard.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of a right angle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1821 – English ''norm'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A carpenter's [[m|en|square]]; a right angle.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A standard, pattern, rule.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A monastic rule.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abnōrmis]]

+ * [[ēnōrmis]]

+ * [[inormis]]

+ * [[nōrmālis]]

+ * [[nōrmō]]

+ * [[normula]]

+ * [[anōrmalus]]

+ * [[normāliter]]

+ * [[normātiō]]

+ * [[normātūra]]

+ * [[normātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|norm]]

+ * [[en|normal]]

+ * [[en|enormous]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}