terreo Latin · revision 752

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɛr.re.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɛr.re.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''terreō''' (present infinitive terrēre, perfect active terruī, supine territum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*tros-eje-|t=to scare]], [[inh|ine-pro|*tros-éye-|t=to make tremble]], a causative of [[m|ine-pro|*tres-|t=to tremble]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Since the other languages show only *trs- and *tres-, de Vaan rejects a source *ters- or *tors- and follows the reconstruction *tros-eie-, which would give Latin *terseje- regularly.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[xum|tursitu|t=let him scare]], [[sa|त्रसति|tr=trásati|t=trembles]], [[ae|tərəsa-|t=to be afraid]], [[grc|τρέω|tr=tréō|t=to tremble, flee]] and [[lt|trišė́ti|t=to tremble]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is attested from Naevius onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) Ennius uses it of trying to [[m|en|intimidate]] with threats.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense was to keep someone in check by fear, and with ''ab'', ''ne'' or ''quominus'' to deter from doing something.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to fill with sudden fear or [[m|en|alarm]], often with facts or events as subject.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The passive ''terreri'' expressed a state of terror, and with ''ne'' it meant to be afraid that something might happen.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Its many derivatives include ''[[terror]]'', ''[[terribilis]]'' and ''[[terrificus]]'', which are the sources of [[en|terror]], [[en|terrible]] and [[en|terrific]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of threats.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of terrorising the city with murder and arson.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace writes that Jupiter frightened the nations lest Pyrrha's age return.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To keep in check by fear, [[m|en|intimidate]], overawe.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|deter]] (from an action).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To fill with fear, [[m|en|frighten]], [[m|en|terrify]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(passive)'' To be terrified; with ''ne'', to fear that.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[absterreō]]

+ * [[conterreō]]

+ * [[dēterreō]]

+ * [[exterreō]]

+ * [[interritus]]

+ * [[perterreō]]

+ * [[prōterreō]]

+ * [[terribilis]]

+ * [[terricula]]

+ * [[terrificus]]

+ * [[terriō]]

+ * [[territiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tremō]]

+ * [[trepidus]]

+ * [[en|terror]]

+ * [[en|terrific]]

+ * [[en|deter]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}