suspiro Latin · revision 7496

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la spīrō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sʊsˈpiː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [susˈpiː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''suspīrō''' (present infinitive suspīrāre, perfect active suspīrāvī, supine suspīrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[sub-]] “under, up from below” and [[spīrō]] “to breathe”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of sighing in distress.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to sigh in grief or regret, from Lucretius in love, ''in'' someone, and in Tibullus to utter with a sigh or sigh for someone absent.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Cicero it meant to draw breath, and in Apuleius of natural forces to breathe out, exhale.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''suspīrāre'' is the deep breath of a troubled heart, while ''gemere'', to groan, is more voluntary.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to sigh, and to long for.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''sospirare'', French ''soupirer'' and Spanish ''suspirar'', and [[en|suspire]] came about 1500.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Old French ''sospiral'' from it gave [[en|suspiral]] “a vent”, which may lie behind [[en|cesspool]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of sighing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of lovesick sighing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of exhaling.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1500 – English ''suspire'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|sigh]]; to sigh for.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To draw breath.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To breathe out, [[m|en|exhale]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[assuspiro]]

+ * [[suspīrātiō]]

+ * [[suspīrātus]]

+ * [[suspīritus]]

+ * [[suspīrium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[spīrō]]

+ * [[en|suspire]]

+ * [[en|cesspool]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[gemō]], a groan that is more voluntary.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}