candeo Latin · revision 749

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkan.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkan.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''candeō''' (present infinitive candēre, perfect active canduī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kand-ē-|t=to shine]], a stative verb from a root [[ine-pro|*(s)kend-|t=to shine, glow]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) If the root was *knd-, Latin ''a'' is unexpected; de Vaan explains it by a rule that inserts ''a'' to break up a cluster of four consonants, in formations such as *knd-ro- or *knd-no-.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[cy|cann|t=brilliant]], [[sa|चन्द्र|tr=candrá-|t=shining]] and [[sq|hënë|t=moon]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD and Georges also compare [[grc|κάνδαρος|tr=kándaros|t=charcoal]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is attested from Ennius onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who describes land and sea that “gleam with trembling light”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The verb meant to shine and especially to gleam [[m|en|white]], as ivory or marble does, and less often to glisten in other colours.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From the glow of hot metal it also meant to be or become hot, as of the air in Ovid's iron age.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was mostly poetic, and its present participle ''candens'' was used as an adjective “dazzling, white, glowing”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Its derivatives were more productive than the verb itself: ''[[candidus]]'', ''[[candor]]'', ''[[candela]]'', and the compounds ''[[accendo]]'' and ''[[incendo]]'' “to set on fire”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Pokorny 1959)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of shining light.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus writes that ivory gleams on the thrones.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a scarlet cloth glistening on couches.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of air glowing with heat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|shine]], be lit up.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To gleam [[m|en|white]]; of other colours, to glisten.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To be or become hot, to [[m|en|glow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accendō]]

+ * [[candefaciō]]

+ * [[candefio]]

+ * [[candēla]]

+ * [[candentia]]

+ * [[candēscō]]

+ * [[candicō]]

+ * [[candidus]]

+ * [[candificō]]

+ * [[candificus]]

+ * [[candor]]

+ * [[excandeo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[candēlābrārius]]

+ * [[candēlābrum]]

+ * [[en|candid]]

+ * [[en|candle]]

+ * [[en|incense]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}