satelles Latin · revision 7480

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [saˈtɛl.lɛs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [saˈtɛl.les]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''satelles''' ''m'' or f (genitive satellitis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is uncertain.^(Wiktionary) The OLD calls it probably Etruscan, and Wiktionary names [[bor|ett|𐌆𐌀𐌕𐌋𐌀𐌈|tr=zatlaθ|t=follower, guard]] as one possibility.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Other proposals in Wiktionary connect it with [[grc|ἕταρος|tr=hétaros|t=comrade]].^(Wiktionary) Döderlein derived it from [[grc|στέλλω|tr=stéllō]].^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of a henchman.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant one of the bodyguard or escort of a prince or tyrant, an attendant, often with contempt, as Livy's ''rēgiī satellitēs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Cicero it meant a violent partisan, and with a genitive an accomplice in crime.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) Döderlein explains that ''satelles'' is a hired attendant, while ''stīpātor'' is a guard.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a guard, servant, companion, officer of the law.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for an armed retainer, a vassal, and an esquire or sergeant.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|satellite]] came in the 1540s through French, first of a follower.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a henchman.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of an accomplice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a king's bodyguard.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English ''satellite'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|bodyguard]], attendant; a henchman.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A partisan; an [[m|en|accomplice]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An armed retainer; a [[m|en|vassal]]; an esquire.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[satellitium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|satellite]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes it as a hired attendant from [[stīpātor]], a guard.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}