sacrificium Latin · revision 7478

16 Oct 2026, 13:58 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la sacer, la faciō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [sa.krɪˈfɪ.ki.ũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [sa.kriˈfiː.t͡ʃi.um]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''sacrificium''' ''n'' (genitive sacrificiī or sacrificī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[sacrificō]] “to sacrifice” with the suffix [[-ium]], ultimately from [[sacrum]] “rite” and [[faciō]] “to do”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Isidore explains it as a ⟨sacrum factum⟩, a thing made holy.^(Isidore)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Cicero, whom he dates 81–43 BC, and Cicero uses it of a public sacrifice.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant an offering to a god, a sacrifice, as Cicero's ''sacrificium pūblicum'' and Caesar's druids who saw to sacrifices.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a sacrifice, offering, oblation.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of the faithful's offerings for Mass, the host, and the Mass itself, and British Medieval Latin of Christ's sacrifice on the cross.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) Isidore says it is consecrated by mystic prayer in memory of the Lord's passion.^(Isidore) Old French ''sacrifise'' gave [[en|sacrifice]] in the late 13th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a public sacrifice.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of the druids' sacrifices.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore uses it of the Eucharist.^(Isidore)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 13th century – English ''sacrifice'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # An offering to a god, a [[m|en|sacrifice]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' An [[m|en|oblation]]; the Mass.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Offerings for Mass; the [[m|en|host]].^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[sacrificālis]]
+ * [[sacrificulus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[sacrificō]]
+ * [[sacer]]
+ * [[en|sacrifice]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}