soup English · revision 7451

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1653|origins=la-lat suppa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sup/; /suːp/ ''(UK)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|soupe|t=sop; broth poured on slices of bread]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) from Late Latin [[m|la-lat|suppa|t=bread soaked in broth]], from a Germanic source (compare Middle Dutch sop),^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998) from Proto-Germanic *sup-, from PIE [[ine-pro|*sewh₁-|alt=*seue-|t=to take liquid]] (see [[sup]], [[sop]]).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Liquid food made by boiling meat, fish or vegetables: 1653, in Sir Thomas Urquhart's translation of Rabelais.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) MWU dates the word to the 14th century.^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Soup was usually served before the meat or fish at a formal dinner, hence ''soup to nuts'', everything (1910).^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) A ''soup kitchen'' for the poor is attested from 1839.^(Etymonline) ''In the soup'', in difficulty, is originally American, from 1889,^(OED 1989) and a thick fog from 1901.^(OED 1989) In biology, the ''primordial soup'' rich in organic compounds is from 1929.^(OED 1989) The verb ''soup up'', to increase an engine's power, is from 1921, probably from soup, slang for a narcotic injected into racehorses (1911), and perhaps influenced by [[supercharge]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1653 – soup.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1839 – soup kitchen.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1889 – in the soup.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1910 – soup to nuts.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1921 – to soup up.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1929 – primordial soup.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A liquid dish made by boiling meat, fish or vegetables in stock or water.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(informal)'' A thick fog.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(in the soup, informal)'' In trouble.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(soup up, informal)'' To increase the power or efficiency of an engine or vehicle.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[soupless]]

+ * [[souplike]]

+ * [[soupspoon]]

+ * [[souped-up]]

+ * [[soupy]]

+ * [[soup-and-fish]]

+ * [[soup-to-nuts]]

+ * [[alphabet soup]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[supper]]

+ * [[sop]]

+ * [[sup]]

+ * [[soupçon]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}