scio Latin · revision 744

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈski.oː], [ˈski.ɔ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈʃiː.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sciō''' (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī or sciī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*skije/o-|t=to know]], from [[ine-pro|*skh₁-i-|t=to cut, incise]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan takes the simple verb to be probably a back-formation from [[nescio|alt=nescīre]] “not to know”, with a semantic development from “to cut, distinguish, decide” to “to know”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The same present may be continued by [[sa|छ्यति|tr=-chyáti|t=cuts open]], and the root has been connected with that of [[seco|alt=secāre]] “to cut”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Pokorny 1959)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|σχάω|tr=skháō|t=to slit open]];^(de Vaan 2008) the OLD compares [[grc|σχίζω|tr=skhízō|t=to split]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is attested from Naevius onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus it means to [[m|en|know]] a fact, as in “I know nothing about the gold”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The verb meant to know a fact or a thing, to know that something is the case, and to have certain knowledge as opposed to belief.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It also meant to know an art or a language and, with an infinitive, to know how to do something.^(OLD 2012) Comedy is full of idioms built on it, such as ''scin quid?'' “do you know what?” and ''haud scio an'' “I am inclined to think”, and ''scito'' introduced formal announcements.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Its derivatives include ''[[scientia]]'' “knowledge”, ''[[conscius]]'' and the adverb ''[[scilicet]]''.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary also records a euphemistic sense “to have slept with”.^(Wiktionary) The verb survived in Romanian ''ști'',^(Wiktionary) and through ''nescius'' and ''scientia'' it gave [[en|nice]] and [[en|science]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it with many colloquial idioms.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses ''scire'' with an indirect question about watered wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''haud scio an'' in cautious statements.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian calls the perfect form ''scivisse'' pedantic.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|know]] (a fact, a thing); ''quod sciam'': as far as I know.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To know that something is the case.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To know (what, whether); ''haud scio an'': I rather think, perhaps.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be aware, know of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be versed in (an art, a language); with an infinitive, to know how to.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(euphemistic)'' To have had sexual relations with.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[asciō]]

+ * [[cōnsciō]]

+ * [[īnsciēns]]

+ * [[nesciō]]

+ * [[persciens]]

+ * [[praesciō]]

+ * [[resciō]]

+ * [[scibilis]]

+ * [[scientia]]

+ * [[scīlicet]]

+ * [[scīscō]]

+ * [[scītor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[secō]]

+ * [[en|science]]

+ * [[en|nice]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The negative is normally ''[[nescio]]'', and ''non scio'' is used only for emphasis.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}