navalis Latin · revision 7436

16 Oct 2026, 13:52 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la nāvis}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [naːˈwaː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [naˈvaː.lis]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''nāvālis''' (neuter nāvāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[nāvis]] “ship” with the suffix [[-ālis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Etymonline traces ⟨nāvis⟩ to [[ine-pro|*nau-|t=boat]].^(Etymonline) An old inscription spells it ⟨nāb-⟩.^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of what belongs to a ship.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant of a ship, nautical, of workmen skilled in shipbuilding, of timber suitable for it, as in Livy, and the ''porta nāvālis'' was a gate in Rome named after the docks.^(OLD 2012) It meant concerned with sea warfare, naval, as Cicero's ''pedestrēs nāvālēsve pugnae'' “battles on land or sea” and ''bellum nāvāle'', of forces and commanders, and of honours for naval victories.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Tacitus the ''stagnum nāvāle'' was an artificial lake for staging sea fights.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ British Medieval Latin used the neuter plural for a ship's equipment.^(DMLBS) [[en|naval]] came in the early 15th century through Old French and directly from Latin.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of ships.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''bellum nāvāle''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of shipbuilders and timber.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''naval'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of a ship, nautical; of shipbuilding.^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Naval]], of sea warfare.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''stagnum nāvāle'', a lake for mock sea fights.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[nāvis]]
+ * [[nāvāle]]
+ * [[nauta]]
+ * [[en|naval]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}