moralis Latin · revision 7424

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=calque|attested=Cicero|origins=la mōs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [moːˈraː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [moˈraː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mōrālis''' (neuter mōrāle, adverb mōrāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[mōs]], plural [[mōrēs]] “customs, character” with the suffix [[-ālis]], a word Cicero formed to translate [[grc|ἠθικός|tr=ēthikós|t=ethical]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero introduces it in the ''De fato'': because it concerns ''mōrēs'', which the Greeks call ''ḗthē'', that part of philosophy may be called ''mōrālis''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant concerned with ethics, moral, of philosophy, and of or concerned with character, as in Cicero and Seneca.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The TLL notes a comparative and later uses, especially in the moral interpretation of Scripture.^(TLL)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant moral.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it of persons, thoughts, books and rules concerned with ethics.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''morale'' and Portuguese and Romanian ''moral'', and [[en|moral]] came through Old French in the mid-14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero coins it to translate ''ēthikós''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''moral'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Concerned with ethics, [[m|en|moral]]; of character.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Christian Latin)'' Moral, of the moral sense of Scripture.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mōrālitās]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mōs]]

+ * [[en|moral]]

+ * [[en|morality]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}