momentum Latin · revision 7422

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Terence|origins=la moveō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [moːˈmɛn.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [moˈmɛn.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mōmentum''' ''n'' (genitive mōmentī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is contracted from *movimentum, Proto-Italic *mowementom, from [[moveō]] “to move” with the suffix [[-mentum]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Isidore says it is named from the shortness of time.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Terence, whom he dates 190–159 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citations for most senses are from Cicero.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a movement, impulse, push, as Livy's trees falling at a light push, and in Vitruvius a downward pressure, weight.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant movement along a course, a stage of motion, as Cicero's stars, and in Livy the exertion of force.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant a minute particle or point, a minute division or amount, and ''mōmentum temporis'' a brief moment, as in Virgil, and ''mōmentō'' instantly.^(OLD 2012) It meant a decisive stage, a turning point, an influence, cause, and importance, weight, so that ''nūllīus mōmentī'' meant of no importance.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant importance, moment.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it of movement and of a short period of time.^(DMLBS) Through Old French ''moment'' and directly from Latin it gave [[en|moment]] in the late 14th century, and [[en|momentum]] was taken into mechanics in the 1690s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence has the word.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of movement and of importance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses ''mōmentum temporis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''moment'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1690s – English ''momentum'' is used in mechanics.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A movement, impulse; weight.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A course of movement; force.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A particle; a minute amount.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|moment]], instant, ''mōmentō'', instantly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A turning point; an influence.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Importance, weight, ''nūllīus mōmentī'', of no importance.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[momentana]]

+ * [[mōmentāneus]]

+ * [[mōmentārius]]

+ * [[mōmentōsus]]

+ * [[mōmentāliter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[moveō]]

+ * [[mōtus]]

+ * [[en|moment]]

+ * [[en|momentum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}