moderor Latin · revision 7419
16 Oct 2026, 13:52 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *med-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmɔ.dɛ.rɔr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmɔː.de.ror]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''moderor''' (present infinitive moderārī or moderārier, perfect active moderātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is built on the same lost neuter ⟨s⟩-stem as [[modestus]], from [[ine-pro|*med-|t=to measure]], not directly on [[modus]].^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(OLD 2012) An active ⟨moderō⟩ is also found, and Lucretius has ⟨moderārier⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of governing, restraining and tempering.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to direct, guide, as a ship or chariot, and to handle, control, as in Cicero and Ovid.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant to govern, rule, and of things to be the controlling factor.^(OLD 2012) It meant to restrain, check, and to make less violent, temper, moderate, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to regulate, arrange, as in Pliny.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short give its basic sense as to set a measure, set bounds to a thing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to govern, guide, regulate, direct, advise.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''moderātus'' gave [[en|moderate]] in the late 14th century, first of weather.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of governing and restraining.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of guiding.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''moderate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To guide, direct; to control.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To govern, rule.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To restrain, check.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To temper, [[m|en|moderate]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To regulate, arrange.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[moderābilis]]
+ * [[moderāmen]]
+ * [[moderāmentum]]
+ * [[moderanter]]
+ * [[moderātē]]
+ * [[moderātim]]
+ * [[moderātiō]]
+ * [[moderātor]]
+ * [[moderātus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[moderātrīx]]
+ * [[modestus]]
+ * [[modus]]
+ * [[en|moderate]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}