violation English · revision 7409

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1400|origins=la violo}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English violacion, [[bor|fro|violacion]] and directly [[bor|la|violatio|t=an injury, irreverence, profanation]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(SOED 2002) from the past participle stem of [[m|la|violo|alt=violāre|t=to treat with violence, outrage]] (see [[violate]]), from vis, force.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Defilement, desecration, profanation: about 1400 in Etymonline;^(Etymonline) infringement or breach of a law or agreement, 1432–50 in the OED.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Infraction of treaties or commands is attested by the early 15th century.^(Etymonline) Rough or violent handling is an obsolete sense of about 1485.^(OED 1989) Rape is from the late 15th century; the oldest attested use is ''vyolacion of maydenhod'', in ''A Little Treatise on the Seven Deadly Sins''.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) In modern American use it is especially a minor infringement of the law, as a traffic violation.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1400 – desecration.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1432 – a breach of a law.^(OED 1989)

+ * late 15th century – rape.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1961 – a minor offence (US).^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of breaking or disregarding a law, rule or agreement.^(AHD)^(LDOCE 2009)

+ # The act of treating something sacred with disrespect; [[desecration]].^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002)

+ # ''(formal)'' Rape or sexual assault.^(OED 1989)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[violational]]

+ * [[nonviolation]]

+ * [[moving violation]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[violate]]

+ * [[violable]]

+ * [[violative]]

+ * [[violence]]

+ * [[violent]]

+ * [[inviolable]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}