impingo Latin · revision 7405

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la pangō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪmˈpɪŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [imˈpiŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''impingō''' (present infinitive impingere, perfect active impēgī, supine impāctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[in-]] and [[pangō]] “to fix, drive in”, and is also spelled ⟨inpingō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus has the old infinitive ⟨impingier⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of fixing on, and Plautus has ''pugnum in ōs impingere'' “to drive a fist into the face”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to fix, fasten on, to dash against, collide, as in Livy, to strike with a weapon, and in Tacitus to drive a ship ashore.^(OLD 2012) It meant to drive persons against something, as in Virgil, and in Cicero to force something on a person, and in Terence to bring a charge.^(OLD 2012) In Seneca it meant to drive someone into a situation.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to push back, strike.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Romanian ''împinge''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|impinge]] came in the 1530s, and its participle ''impāctus'' gave [[en|impact]] about 1600.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of fixing and of striking.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of bringing a charge.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of collision.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English ''impinge'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fix, fasten on.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To dash against; to strike; to drive ashore.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To drive against.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To force upon; to bring a charge.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To drive into a situation.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[impāgēs]]

+ * [[impāctus]]

+ * [[*impinctus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pangō]]

+ * [[en|impinge]]

+ * [[en|impact]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}