generalis Latin · revision 7390

16 Oct 2026, 13:51 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Lucretius|origins=la genus}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɡɛ.nɛˈraː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [d͡ʒe.neˈraː.lis]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''generālis''' (neuter generāle, comparative generālior, superlative generālissimus, adverb generāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[genus]], ⟨generis⟩ “kind, class” with the suffix [[-ālis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucretius, of what is common to a whole kind.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler's first source is Cicero; he dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant common to a whole class or kind, generic, as Lucretius' ''generālīs maculae'' “markings of their kind”, which Lewis and Short call very rare, and in Varro forming a class.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From Cicero it meant of universal application, general, and concerned with the nature of a thing, and Quintilian has a comparative ''magis generāle''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(TLL)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant general, generic, and as a noun a general, the head of a religious order.^(Stelten 1995)^(Köbler 2010) Medieval Latin used it for universal, ecumenical, and common to all.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|general]] came about 1200, through Old French and directly from Latin, first “of wide application”.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of what is generic.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the general.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian has a comparative.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1200 – English ''general'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Generic, of a whole class; forming a class.^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|General]], universal.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Concerned with the nature of a thing.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' As a noun, the general of an order.^(Stelten 1995)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[generalitas]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[genus]]
+ * [[speciālis]]
+ * [[en|general]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}