figuro Latin · revision 7385
16 Oct 2026, 13:51 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=la fingō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [fɪˈɡuː.roː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [fiˈɡuː.ro]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''figūrō''' (present infinitive figūrāre, perfect active figūrāvī, supine figūrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[figūra]] “shape” with the verb suffix [[-ō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Varro, of shaping.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to shape, fashion, mould, as Cicero's god who shaped the world in the form that contains all others, and Lewis and Short call it rare but classical.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Ovid it meant to transform, and in Celsus to arrange in a position.^(OLD 2012) In Vitruvius it meant to produce by shaping, and in Gaius to form a word from another.^(OLD 2012) It meant to represent, depict, and in Seneca to imagine, and in Quintilian to adorn a speech with figures.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''figūra'' is shape in its mathematical outline.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to symbolize, represent allegorically.^(Stelten 1995) Through Old French ''figurer'' it gave [[en|figure]] (verb) in the late 14th century, “to represent”.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of shaping.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the shaping of the world.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of transformation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''figure'' (verb) is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To shape, fashion; to transform.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To produce; to form a word.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To depict; to imagine.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(rhetoric)'' To adorn with figures.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To represent allegorically.^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[affigūrō]]
+ * [[cōnfigūrō]]
+ * [[figūrātiō]]
+ * [[figūrātīvus]]
+ * [[figūrātor]]
+ * [[figūrātus]]
+ * [[praefiguro]]
+ * [[refigūrō]]
+ * [[trānsfigūrō]]
+ * [[figūrābilis]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[figūra]]
+ * [[fingō]]
+ * [[en|figure]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}