evidens Latin · revision 7371
16 Oct 2026, 13:51 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la videō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈeː.wɪ.dẽːs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɛː.vi.dens]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''ēvidēns''' (genitive ēvidentis, superlative ēvidentissimus, adverb ēvidenter); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ex-]] and the present participle of [[videō]] “to see”, in the sense of ⟨vidērī⟩ “to appear”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The ablative singular is ⟨-ī⟩.^(TLL)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Cicero, whom he dates 81–43 BC, and the OLD's earliest citation for what is clear to the mind is from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant perceptible to the senses, visible, as in Celsus and Pliny's ''flōs nōn ēvidēns'' “a flower not visible”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Cicero it meant clear, obvious, evident to the mind, and Lewis and Short call it good prose, most frequent after Augustus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Suetonius it meant of actions open, unconcealed.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant apparent, visible, manifest.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|evident]] came in the late 14th century through Old French and directly from Latin, while Late Latin ''ēvidentia'' “proof” gave [[en|evidence]].^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the obvious.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of the perceptible.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of open actions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''evident'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Perceptible, visible.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Clear, obvious, [[m|en|evident]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Open, unconcealed.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[videō]]
+ * [[ēvidentia]]
+ * [[en|evident]]
+ * [[en|evidence]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}