depono Latin · revision 7354

16 Oct 2026, 13:51 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la pōnō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [deːˈpoː.noː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [deˈpɔː.no]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''dēpōnō''' (present infinitive dēpōnere, perfect active dēposuī or dēposīvī, supine dēpositum or dēpostum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[dē-]] “down, away” and [[pōnō]] “to put”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) Plautus and Catullus have a perfect ⟨dēposīvī⟩, and Lewis and Short cite an infinitive ⟨dēposīsse⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of laying the body to rest and of depositing money.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to lay down a burden, as Cicero's ''onus dēpōnere'' and Caesar's unloading of pack animals, to lay the body down to rest, of animals to drop young, and to lay down arms in surrender.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to take off clothes, as in Suetonius, to have one's hair cut, to take off the fire, to demolish, as in Ulpian, and in Ovid to plant seedlings.^(OLD 2012) It meant to put in a place of safety, to lay a body in a tomb, and in Plautus to deposit money or property for safekeeping, hostages, and to entrust.^(OLD 2012) From Cicero it meant to give up a title or office, an occupation or an attitude, and ''animam dēpōnere'' to die, as in Nepos, and in Gaius to dismiss an employee.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to take or throw down, remove, and to give evidence, make a deposition.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''dēpositus'' gave [[en|deposit]] in the 1620s, and its present participle gave the grammatical term [[en|deponent]] in the mid-15th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of resting and of depositing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of laying down burdens and offices.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of hostages.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1620s – English ''deposit'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To lay down, put down; to lay down arms.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To take off; to have cut.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To demolish; to plant.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To put in a safe place; to bury.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|deposit]]; to entrust.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To give up, resign, ''animam dēpōnere'', to die.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To dismiss.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To give evidence, [[m|en|depose]].^(Stelten 1995)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[dēpōnefaciō]]
+ * [[dēpositiō]]
+ * [[depositiuus]]
+ * [[dēpositor]]
+ * [[dēpositum]]
+ * [[dēpositus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[antepōnō]]
+ * [[appōnō]]
+ * [[circumpōnō]]
+ * [[compōnō]]
+ * [[contrāpōnō]]
+ * [[dēpositārius]]
+ * [[dispōnō]]
+ * [[expōnō]]
+ * [[impōnō]]
+ * [[interpōnō]]
+ * [[pōnō]]
+ * [[en|deposit]]
+ * [[en|deponent]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}