custodia Latin · revision 7352

16 Oct 2026, 13:51 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Naevius|origins=la custōs}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [kʊsˈtoː.di.a]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kusˈtɔː.di.a]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''custōdia''' ''f'' (genitive custōdiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[custōs]], stem ⟨custōd-⟩ “guard, keeper”, with the suffix [[-ia]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Naevius, of protection.^(OLD 2012) Köbler also starts with Naevius, whom he dates c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant protection, safekeeping, guard, as Plautus' ''custōdiam agitāre'' “to keep good watch”, and in Cicero the preservation of a practice.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant a protecting thing, a place of safekeeping, custody, charge, the keeping of a watch, a guard post, and especially in the army a guard, picket.^(OLD 2012) From Cicero it meant confinement, custody, imprisonment, a prison, and in Columella restraint over oneself, and in Seneca a prisoner or prisoners.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''custōdia'' is a place where prisoners are kept, ''carcer'' the prison proper.^(Döderlein 1874)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant guard, custody, protection, confinement, a pyx, a prison cell, care.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of an escort, a garrison and castle-ward.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|custody]] came in the mid-15th century, “a keeping, guarding”.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it of protection.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of keeping watch.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of imprisonment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''custody'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Protection, safekeeping.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A means of protection; a place of safekeeping.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Charge, [[m|en|custody]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A watch; a guard post; a guard.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Imprisonment; a prison.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Restraint.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A prisoner.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A garrison; castle-ward.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[custodiarium]]
+ * [[custōdiārius]]
+ * [[custōdiola]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[custōs]]
+ * [[carcer]]
+ * [[en|custody]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}