conspiro Latin · revision 7345

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Accius|origins=la spīrō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kõːˈspiː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [konˈspiː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōnspīrō''' (present infinitive cōnspīrāre, perfect active cōnspīrāvī, supine cōnspīrātum); first conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[con-]] “together” and [[spīrō]] “to breathe, blow”, literally “to breathe together”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) A separate rare ⟨cōnspīrō⟩ “to coil up”, from [[spīra]] “coil”, is in the book on famous men ascribed to Aurelius Victor.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Accius, of agreeing together.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Accius 170–c. 90 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to blow or sound together, as Virgil's horns sounding together, which Lewis and Short treat as its literal sense.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant to agree together, act in harmony, as in Accius and Cicero's ''cōnspīrāte nōbīscum'' “be of one mind with us”, and of things to harmonize.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Caesar it meant to combine for hostile or illegal action, conspire, and the perfect participle could be active.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to agree, unite, act in harmony, conspire.^(Stelten 1995) [[en|conspire]] came in the late 14th century through Old French, and ''cōnspīrātiō'' gave [[en|conspiracy]] in the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of agreeing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of being of one mind.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of conspiring.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''conspire'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To sound together.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To agree, act in harmony.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|conspire]], plot.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cōnspīrātiō]]

+ * [[conspīrātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[spīrō]]

+ * [[en|conspire]]

+ * [[en|conspiracy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}