victus Latin · revision 7321
16 Oct 2026, 13:51 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la vīvō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwiːk.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvik.tus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''vīctus''' ''m'' (genitive vīctūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[vīvō]] “to live” with the suffix of action nouns [[-tus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) Plautus has a genitive ⟨victī⟩, Varro ⟨victuis⟩, and Lucilius a dative ⟨victū⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of food.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant the means of sustenance, food, nourishment, as Cicero's ''tenuis victus cultusque'' “a frugal table and dress”, and in Ulpian the other necessaries of life.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Cicero it meant one's way of life.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant food, support, way of living, nourishment.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of the property assigned to feed a community of canons or monks.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|victual]] “food” is recorded about 1300.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of food.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a way of life.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian uses it of the necessaries of life.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''victual'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Sustenance, food, nourishment; the necessaries of life.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A way of life.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Property assigned to feed a community.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[convīctus]]
+ * [[vīctuālis]]
+ * [[vīvō]]
+ * [[en|victual]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ ''Victus, -a, -um'' is also the perfect participle of [[vincō]] “to conquer”, “conquered”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}