vernaculus Latin · revision 7310

16 Oct 2026, 13:50 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la verna}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [wɛrˈnaː.kʊ.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [verˈnaː.ku.lus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''vernāculus''' (feminine vernācula, neuter vernāculum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[verna]] “home-born slave” with the suffix [[-culus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Inscriptions have ⟨vernācl-⟩.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of what belongs to the household.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant of the household, domestic, home-grown, and as a noun a home-born slave, as in Apuleius, and Tacitus' ''vernācula multitūdō'' was the rabble of slaves.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Varro it meant native to a country, indigenous, and in Caesar of troops locally raised.^(OLD 2012) In Tacitus it meant low-bred, and in Seneca a ''vernāculus'' was a low wit, a buffoon.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant common, vernacular, native, and as a noun a home-born slave.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it of allodial land and as a noun of a serf or a church tributary.^(Niermeyer 1976) [[en|vernacular]] came about 1600, “native to a country”.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the household.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the native.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of local troops.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1600 – English ''vernacular'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of the household, domestic; as a noun, a home-born slave.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Native, [[m|en|indigenous]]; of troops, locally raised.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Low-bred; as a noun, a buffoon.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' As a noun, a [[m|en|serf]].^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[verna]]
+ * [[en|vernacular]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}