abutor Latin · revision 7303

16 Oct 2026, 13:43 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la ūtor}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [aˈbuː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [aˈbuː.tor]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''abūtor''' (present infinitive abūtī, perfect active abūsus sum); third conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ab-]] “away” and [[ūtor]] “to use”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It takes an accusative or ablative, and Plautus also uses it in a passive sense.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus and Cato, of using up and squandering.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to use up, consume entirely, as Cato's, and in Plautus to squander, waste.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Terence it meant to make full use of, and in Quintilian to use, adopt a name.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant to take advantage of, exploit, and in Cicero to misuse, abuse, misinterpret.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In rhetoric it meant to use a word loosely, catachrestically.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to abuse, misuse, destroy.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''abūsus'' through Vulgar Latin *abūsāre and Old French ''abuser'' gave [[en|abuse]] in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of squandering.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of using up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of abusing patience.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''abuse'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To use up; to squander.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To make full use of.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To exploit.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To misuse, [[m|en|abuse]]; to misinterpret.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(rhetoric)'' To use a word loosely.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[abūsiō]]
+ * [[abūsīvus]]
+ * [[abūsor]]
+ * [[abūsus]]
+ * [[abūsīvē]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[ūtor]]
+ * [[en|abuse]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}